Tierra Santa, tierras perdidas, Realpolitik. La visión del Imperio Bizantino sobre Siria y Palestina a finales del siglo X y el siglo XI

Autores/as

  • Jonathan Shepard Oxford University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2012.007

Palabras clave:

emperadores bizantinos, fatimíes, califa al-Ḥākim, Egipto, Jerusalén, Santo Sepulcro, Alepo, reliquias, peregrinos, Palestina, monjes, Lázaro, Monte Galesio, Santa Cruz, comercio, comunicaciones, iglesia, reconstrucción, mosaicos, realpolitik, melquitas, cristianos orientales

Resumen


Este estudio pasa revista a la política oficial del estado bizantino con respecto a la región situada entre Antioquía y el Monte Sinaí, haciendo énfasis en la prudencia adoptada por lo general en la estrategia imperial así como, a partir de finales del siglo X, en la voluntad del gobierno a favor de una coexistencia pacífica con el califato fatimí y el respeto a las relaciones comerciales. La destrucción de la iglesia del Santo Sepulcro por el califa al- Ḥākim en 1009 no alteró este estado de cosas, en el que la piedra angular de la política de contención entre el Cairo y Constantinopla estaba representada por la ciudad de Alepo, y no por Jerusalén. Incluso en esta, los dos poderes estaban inclinados a dejar la iniciativa a los partidos locales, más que en reivindicar el control directo. Las comunicaciones entre los territorios gobernados por musulmanes o bizantinos fueron así por lo general bastante regulares. Durante el parón relativo que experimentaron en la primera mitad del siglo XI, los peregrinajes a tierra santa aumentaron, y puede haber sido esencialmente para impresionar a los peregrinos (tanto los procedentes de Bizancio como, especialmente, aquellos que viajaban desde el Occidente cristiano) por lo que los emperadores invirtieron abundantes recursos en la reconstrucción de la iglesia del Santo Sepulcro entre las décadas de 1030- 1040. La intervención militar a favor de las poblaciones cristianas de Siria meridional y Palestina no estaba en su agenda. Estas conclusiones se obtienen a partir del cotejo de evidencias diversas, que eran ya bien conocidas por separado, pero que raramente habían sido contrastadas en conjunto. El estudio resalta el valor del comercio para los fatimíes y los bizantinos a la vez, la veneración por los Santos Lugares entre los bizantinos y occidentales, así como el deseo del emperador de hacer patente su preocupación por el Santo Sepulcro sin poner en riesgo sus relaciones con los fatimíes.

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2012-12-30

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Shepard, J. (2012). Tierra Santa, tierras perdidas, Realpolitik. La visión del Imperio Bizantino sobre Siria y Palestina a finales del siglo X y el siglo XI. Al-Qanṭara, 33(2), 505–545. https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2012.007

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