Los orígenes de Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr y Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād y su relación con el imperio sasánida

Jesús  Lorenzo-Jiménez

doi:10.3989/alqantara.2022.016

Autores/as

Jesús Lorenzo-Jiménez Universidad del País Vasco – Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-170X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2022.016

Palabras clave:

Imperio sasánida, al-Andalus, Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr, Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād, walāʾ, historiografía islámica

Resumen

En el año 711 Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād y Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr emprendían la conquista de al-Andalus desde Ifrīqiya. El objeto de este artículo es indagar en los orígenes de ambos personajes a través del estudio de las diferentes noticias que se contienen en las crónicas y los diccionarios biográficos, tanto orientales como occidentales. En el caso de Mūsà, el punto de partida se encuentra en ʿAyn al-Tamr en la orilla derecha del río Éufrates, de donde era originario su padre, para concluir que provenía de un entorno social vinculado a la aristocracia local árabe, primero al servicio de la administración sasánida y luego de la omeya. En cuanto a Ṭāriq, todo apunta a que la relación de walāʾ que le vinculaba con Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr se había constituido en un momento muy anterior a la llegada de este último a Ifrīqiya. Esta constatación, junto con las noticias aportadas por varios informadores, inexplicablemente ignoradas por la historiografía, apunta a descartar el origen norteafricano y bereber de Ṭāriq para situarlo en el ámbito geográfico sasánida.

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