Contribution to the Study of the Ancient Vocabulary of ḥassāniyya Based on Some Texts from the dīwān of Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu (1122-1227 / 1710-1812)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2023.020Keywords:
Ancient Ḥassāni vocabulary, Ḥassāniyya dialect, Dīwān of Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu, Ḥassāni epic poetry (thaydīn), Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtuAbstract
The aim of the present study is to contribute, through the examination of the dīwān of the oldest known Mauritanian folk poet, Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu, to identify ancient vocabulary and explain its meaning. We interrogate this dīwān as the only surviving witness to the author´s time (18th century) to help us identify ancient words in his poems that have long since fallen into disuse and are now considered archaisms, terms that are strange or unfamiliar to most or all speakers. The study includes, on the one hand, a description of the historical context in which the poet lived and, on the other hand, a brief presentation of the contents of the dīwān, before turning to the main topic, namely the ancient Ḥassāniyya vocabulary contained in the book. As for the common features of this vocabulary, it is worth noting the abundance of terms from the lexical field of war (battles, weapons, horses, etc.).
Downloads
References
Ban Muḥammad Maḥmūd, Izīdbīh (éd.), Imāratā Īdawʿīš wa-mašẓūf. Dirāsa fī al-tārīḫ al-siyāsī al-mūrītānī, Nwākšūṭ, al-Maʿhad al-tarbawī al-waṭanī, 2003.
Bonte, Pierre, "L' Émirat de l'Adrar après la conquête coloniale et la dissidence de l'Émir Sidi Ahmed (1909-1932)", Journal des Africanistes, 54, 2 (1984), pp. 5-51.
Bonte, Pierre, "L'« ordre » de la tradition. Évolution des hiérarchies statutaires dans la société maure contemporaine", Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, 54, 4 (1989), pp. 118-129. https://doi.org/10.3406/remmm.1989.2319
al-Chennāfī, Muḥammad & Norris, Harry Thirlwall, "How the hassāniyya vernacular of Mauritania supplanted Zenaga", The Maghreb Review, 2 (1977) pp. 77-78. https://doi.org/10.3917/machr1.078.0077
Cohen, David, Le dialecte arabe ḥassāniyya de Mauritanie (parler de la gəbla), Paris, Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1963.
Corriente, Federico, A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic, Leyde-New York-Cologne, Brill, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004492684
Corriente, Federico, Poesía dialectal árabe y romance en Alandalús, Madrid, Gredos, 1998.
De Prémare, Alfred-Louis, Dictionnaire arabe-français Langue et culture marocaines, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1994.
De Prémare, Alfred-Louis, La tradition orale du Mejdûb. Récits et quatrains, Aix-en-Provence, Édusud, 1986.
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les arabes, Amsterdam, Jean Müller, 1845.
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm, al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ, Beyrouth, Muʾassasat ar-Risāla, 2006.
Guignard, Michel, Musique, honneur et plaisir au Sahara. Étude psycho-sociologique et musicologique de la société maure, Paris, Librairie Orientale Paul Geuthner, 1975.
Guignard, Michel, "Les griots maures et leur musique : origine et évolutions contemporaines", Communication au Congrès des musiques dans le monde de l'Islam, Assilah, 8-13 août 2007.
Miské, Aḥmad Bāba, Al Wasit, tableau de la Mauritanie au début du XXè siècle, Paris, Librairie c. Klincksieck, 1970.
Norris, Harry Thirlwall, Shinqiṭi folk literature and song, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1968.
Ould Bah, Mohamd El Mokhtâr, "Introduction à la poésie mauritanienne", Arabica, 18 (1970), pp. 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-01801002
Ould Cheikh, Abdel Wedoud, Eléments d' histoire de la Mauritanie, Nouakchott, Centre Culturel A. de Saint Exupéry, 1988.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, Diccionario Hassaniyya-Español, Cadiz, Editorial UCA, Universidad de Cádiz-UCO Press, Editorial Universidad de Córdoba, Libros de las Islas, 3, 2019.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, "Lexique maritime en Ḥassāniyya : l'apport des Īmrāgən", in O. Durand, Á. Daiana Langone & G. Mion (éds.). Alf lahǧa wa lahǧa. Proceedings of the 9th Aida Conference, Vienne, 2014, pp. 327-337.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, "Le lexique de l'Aẓawān. Une aproche ethnolinguistique", in George Grigore & Gabriel Bituna (éds.), Arabic Varieties : Far and Wide. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of AIDA - Bucharest 2015, Bucharest, Editura Universitatii din bucaresti, Bucarest, 2016, pp. 431-438.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, Refranero y fraseología ḥassāní. Recopilación, explicación, estudio gramatical y glosario, Zaragoza, Instituto de Estudios Islámicos y del Oriente Próximo, 2008.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, "Lə-ġnä, poesía popular en ḥassāniyya", Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí, 9 (2005), pp. 205-231.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Ahmed Salem, Estudio dialectológico y lexicológico del refranero andalusí de Abū Yaḥyà Azzajjālī, Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, 1999.
Ould Mohamed Baba, Elemine, Toponymes et anthroponymes du Sud-ouest Saharien. Approche chronologique. Rabat, Markaz al-dirāsāt al-ṣaḥrāwiyya, 2014.
Šaqrūn, ʿAbd Allâh, Naẓarāt fī šiʿr al-malḥūn, Casablanca, Manšūrāt al-multaqà, 2001.
Taine-Cheikh, Catherine, Dictionnaire ḥassāniyya-français, Paris, Geuthner Dictionnaires, 1988-1998.
Taine-Cheikh, Catherine, "Le dess(e)in de la rime. La poésie strophique de Mauritanie a t-elle un lien avec le muwaššaḥ?", in J. Aguadé, Á. Vicente & L. Abu-Shams (éds.), Sacrum Arabo-Semiticum. Homenaje al profesor Federico Corriente en su 65 aniversario, Zaragoza, Instituto de Estudios Islámicos y del Oriente Próximo, 2005.
Taine-Cheikh, Catherine, Dictionnaire zénaga-français. Cologne, R. Köppe, 2008.
Voisset, Georges, "Enquête sur la littérature mauritanienne : formes et perspectives", Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, 54 (1989), pp. 188-199. https://doi.org/10.3406/remmm.1989.2326
Wuld Aḥmad Sālim Sīd Aḥmad, Ban Ḥaddamīn, Sīd Aḥmad, Ban al-Sālik, Muḥammad al-Muṣṭafà & Ban Hammad Vāl, Bādu (éds.), Saddūm Wuld Ndyartu. Dīwān al-šiʿr aš-ša'bī, Nouakchott, al-Maʿhad al-mūrītānī li-l-baḥṯ al-ʿilmī, 1996.
Wuld Bābbāh, Muḥammadin (éd.), al-šayḫ Muḥammad al-Yadālī, Nuṣūṣ mina al-tārīḫ al-mūrītānī (šiyam al-zawāyā - amr al-walī nāṣir al-dīn - risālat al-naṣīḥa), Carthage, Bayt al-Ḥikma, 1990.
Wuld Ḥāmidun, al-Muḫtār, Précis sur la Mauritanie, Saint-Louis- Senegal, Centre IFAN Mauritanie, 1952.
Wuld Ḥāmidun, al-Muḫtār, Ḥayāt mūrītānyā. al-ǧuzʾ al-ṯanī al-ḥayāt al-ṯaqāfiyya, Tunis, al-Dār al-ʿarabiyya li-l-kitāb, 1990.
Wuld Ḥāmidun, al-Muḫtār, Mawsūʿat ḥayāt mūrītāniyā (1) al-tārīḫ al-siyāsī, Beyrouth, Dār al-ġarb al-islāmī, 2000.
Wuld al-Saʿd, Muḥammad al-Muḫtār, "al-imārāt wa-l-maǧāl al-amīrī al-biḍānī ḫilāla al-qarnayn al-ṯāmin ʿašar wa-al-tāsiʿ ʿašar (imārat al-trārza namūḏaǧan), ḥawliyyāt kulliyyat al-Âdâb wal-lʿulūm al-insāniyya ǧāmiʿat Nwākšūṭ, 2 (1990), pp. 36-64.
Wuld al-Sālim, Ḥamāhullāh, Tārīḫ bilād šinqīṭ (mūrītānyā) min al-ʿuṣūr al-qadīma ilà ḥarb šarrbubbah al-kubrà bayna awlād al-nāṣir wa-dawlat ibiddūkal al-lamtūniyya, Beyrouth, Dār al-kutub al-ʿilmiyya, 2010.
Wuld Muḥammad Yaḥẓīh, Ismāʿīl, Al-mumtiʿ al-muḥīṭ min kalām ahl šinqīṭ (vol. 1, 2, 3) Nouakchott, Dār al-fikr, 2010.
Yūsuf, Naǧāḥ, Maʿālim al-adab al-ḥassānī taǧalliyāt al-šiʿr wa-l-mūsīqā ʿinda al-biẓān, Casablanca, al-Markaz al-ṯaqāfī al-ʿarabī, 2014.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
