Musulmanes retóricos: el Islam como testigo en la polémica cristiana anti-judía en occidente

Autores/as

  • Ryan Szpiech University of Michigan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2013.006

Palabras clave:

representación del Islam, polémica judío-cristiana, polémica islamo-cristiana, Ramon Martí, Alfonso Buenhombre, Alfonso de Valladolid

Resumen


Aunque los escritores del s. XII como Pedro Alfonso y Pedro el Venerable de Cluny atacaron las ideas musulmanas sobre Jesús y María, los autores polémicos de los ss. XIII y XIV a veces presentaron las mismas ideas de manera positiva y describieron al musulmán como un 《testigo》 de las ideas cristianas ante los judíos. En los textos del dominico Ramon Martí, el Corán mismo sirve como una 《prueba》 de las doctrinas cristianas sobre Jesús y María y en textos como el Mostrador de justicia de Abner de Burgos/Alfonso de Valladolid, a los musulmanes se los describe como 《nazarenos》. El estudio de estas imágenes permite distinguir entre la representación de los musulmanes en los textos anti-judíos y su representación en los textos anti-islámicos. Este artículo sugiere que, en los textos anti-judíos de los ss. XIII y XIV, son más determinantes las normas de la polémica anti-judía que el juicio sobre el islam que se observa en la polémica anti-musulmana.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Alfonso Buenhombre [Alphonsus Bonihominis], La disputa de Abutalib, Santiago García-Jalón de la Lama and Klaus Reinhardt (eds.), Madrid, Aben Ezra, 2006.

Alfonso Buenhombre [Alphonsus Bonihominis], Opera Omnia, Antoni Biosca i Bas (ed.), Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag (forthcoming).

Alfonso of Valladolid/Abner of Burgos, Mostrador de justicia, Walter Mettmann (ed.), Opladen, Westdeutscher Verlag, 1994-1996, 2 vols.

Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa María, Walter Mettmann (ed.), Madrid, Castalia, 1986-88, 3 vols.

Alfonso X, Espéculo: texto jurídico atribuido al rey de Castilla don Alfonso X, el Sabio, R. MacDonald (ed.), Madison, Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1990.

Alfonso X, General Estoria, Pedro Sánchez-Prieto (ed.), Madrid, Biblioteca Castro, 2009, 10 vols.

D'Alverny, Marie-Thérèse, "Alain de Lille et l'Islam. Le 'Contra paganos'", Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 18 (1983), pp. 301-350.

D'Alverny, Marie-Thérèse, "Deux traductions latins du Coran au Moyen-Age", Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age, 22-23 (1947-48), pp. 69-131.

Augustine of Hippo, S. Aureli Augustini Hipponiensis Episcopi Epistulae, A. Goldbacher (ed.), Vienna, F. Tempsky, 1904, vol. 44, Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum.

Bagby, Albert, "Alfonso X, el Sabio compara moros y judíos", Romanische Forschungen, 82 (1970), pp. 578-583.

Barber, Malcolm, "Lepers, Jews, and Muslims: The Plot to overthrow Christendom in 1321", History, 66 (1981), pp. 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1981.tb01356.x

Biblia latina cum postillis Nichoae de Lyra et additionibus Pauli Burgensis,Nuremberg, Anton Koberger, 1497, 4 vols.

Biblia sacra cum glossis interlineari, et ordinaria, Nicolai Lyrani postilla, ac mortalibus, Burgensis additionibus, et Thoringi replicis, etc, Venice, [s.n.], 1588, 6 vols.

Biosca i Bas, Antoni, "Dispvtatio Abutalib. Edición crítica, traducción y estudio", Ph.D. Diss., Alicante, 2006.

Biosca i Bas, Antoni, "Las traducciones coránicas de Alfonso Buenhombre", Jour- nal of Medieval Latin, 18 (2008), pp. 257-277.

Biosca i Bas, Antoni, "Rasgos islámicos en la Carta de Samuel", in Miquel Barceló, Pedro Bádenas de la Pe-a and José Martínez Gázquez (eds.), Musulmanes y cristianos en Hispania durante las conquistas de los siglos XII y XIII, Barcelona, Bellaterra, 2005, pp. 95-102.

Blumenkranz, Bernhard, "Nicolas de Lyra et Jacob ben Ruben", Journal of Jewish Studies, 16 (1965), pp. 47-51.

Bobichon, Philippe, "La 'bibliothèque' de Raymond Martin au couvent Sainte-Catherine de Barcelone: sources antiques et chrétiennes du Pugio fidei (ca. 1278)" (forthcoming).

Burman, Thomas, Reading the Qur,ān in Latin Christendom, 1140-1560, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Burman, Thomas, Religious Polemic and the Intellectual History of the Mozarabs, c. 1050-1200, Leiden, Brill, 1994.

Carpenter, Dwayne (ed.), Alborayque, Mérida, Editoria Regional de Extremadura, 2005.

Carpenter, Dwayne, "Alfonso el Sabio y los moros: algunas precisiones legales, históricas y textuales con respecto a Siete Partidas 7.25", Al-Qanṭara, 7, 1-2 (1986), pp. 229-252.

Carpenter, Dwayne, Alfonso X and the Jews: An Edition of and Commentary on Siete Partidas 7.24, "De los judíos", Berkeley, University of California Press, 1986.

Carpenter, Dwayne (ed.), Text and Concordance of Libro de las tres creencias, Biblioteca nacional de Madrid Ms 9302, Madison, Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1993.

Catlos, Brian, "Mahomet Abenadalill: A Muslim Mercenary in the Service of the Kings of Aragon (1290-1291)", in Harvey Hames (ed.), Jews, Muslims, and Christians In and Around the Crown of Aragon: Essays in Honour of Elena Lourie, Leiden, Brill, 2004, pp. 257-320.

Chazan, Robert, "Maestre Alfonso of Valladolid and the New Missionizing", Revue des Études Juives, 143 (1984), pp. 83-94.

Cohen, Jeremy, Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1999.

Cohen, Jeremy, review of Allan Cutler and Helen Cutler The Jew as Ally of the Muslim: Medieval Roots of Anti-Semitism, in Judaism, 37 (1988), pp. 240-242.

Cohen, Jeremy, "The Capistrum Iudeorum of Raymundus Martini" [Hebrew], in Ezra Fleischer et al. (eds.), Me'ah Shearim: Studies in Medieval Jewish Spiritual Life in Memory of Isadore Twersky, Jerusalem, Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2001, pp. 279-296.

Cohen, Jeremy, "The Muslim Connection; or, On the Changing Role of the Jew in High Medieval Theology", in Jeremy Cohen (ed.), From Witness to Witchcraft: Jews and Judaism in Medieval Christian Thought, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1997, pp. 141-163.

Cortabarría, Ángel, "Avicenne dans le "Pugio Fidei" de Raymond Martin", Mélanges de l'Institut Dominicain d'Études Orientales du Caire, 19 (1989), pp. 9-16.

Cortabarría, Ángel, "La connaissance des textes arabes chez Raymond Martin, O.P. et sa position face de l'islam", Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 18 (1983), pp. 279-300.

Cortabarría, Ángel, "Las fuentes árabes del 'Pugio Fidei' de Raimundo Martí: Al-gazel (1085-1111)", Ciencia Tomista, 112 (1985), pp. 581-596.

Cortabarría, Ángel, "Les sources arabes de l''Explanatio Symboli' du Dominicain catalan Raymond Martin", Mélanges de l'Institut Dominicain d'Études Orientales, 16 (1983), pp. 95-116.

Cortabarría, Ángel, "Los textos árabes de Averroes en el 'Pugio Fidei' del dominico catalán Raimundo Martín", in Actas del XII Congreso de la U.E.A.I, Málaga, 1984, Madrid, Unión Européenne d'Arabisants et d'Islamisants, 1986, pp. 185-204.

Cutler, Allen and Cutler, Helen, The Jew as Ally of the Muslim: Medieval Roots of Anti-Semitism, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.

Dahan, Gilbert, Les intellectuels chrétiens et les juifs au moyen âge, Paris, Cerf, 1990.

Daniel, Norman, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image, rev. ed., Oxford, Oneworld, 1993.

Dondaine, A., "Ricoldiana. Notes sur les oeuvres de Ricoldo da Montecroce", Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 37 (1967), pp. 119-179.

Echevarría, Ana, The Fortress of Faith: The Attitude Towards Muslims in Fifteenth Century Spain, Leiden, Brill, 1999. PMCid:PMC32128

Fancy, Hussein, "Theologies of Violence: The Recruitment of Muslim Soldiers by the Crown of Aragon", Past & Present, (2013) (forthcoming). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtt022

Fredriksen, Paula, Augustine and the Jews. A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism, New York, Doubleday, 2008. PMCid:PMC2366099

González Mu-oz, Fernando, Exposición y refutación del Islam: La versión latina de las epístolas de al-Hāšimī y al-Kindī, La Coru-a, Universidade da Coru-a, 2005.

Grant, Barbara, "Ambivalence in Medieval Religious Polemic: The Influence of Multiculturalism on the Dialogues of Petrus Alphonsi", in Ross Brann and David Owen (eds.), Languages of Power in Islamic Spain, Bethesda, MD, CDL Press, 1997, pp. 156-177.

Griffith, Sidney, "Jews and Muslims in Christian Syriac and Arabic Texts of the Ninth Century", Jewish History, 3 (1988), pp. 65-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01667349

Griffith, Sidney, The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque. Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Hames, Harvey, The Art of Conversion. Christianity and Kabbalah in the Thirteenth Century, Leiden, Brill, 2000.

Hasselhoff, Görge, "Self-Definition, Apology, and the Jew Moses Maimonides: Thomas Aquinas, Raymundus Martini, Meister Eckhart, Nicholas of Lyra", in Yossef Schwartz and Volkhard Krech (eds.), Religious Apologetics—Philosophical Argumentation, Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2004, pp. 285-316.

Hasselhoff, Görge, "Some Remarks on Raymond Martini's (c. 1215/30-c. 1284/85) Use of Maimonides", Trumah, 12 (2002), pp. 133-148.

Hecht, Jonathan, "The Polemical Exchange between Isaac Pollegar and Abner of Burgos/Alfonso of Valladolid according to Parma MS 2440. Iggeret Teshuvat Apikoros and Teshuvot la-Meharef", Ph.D. Diss., New York, New York University, 1993.

Hernández Martín, Ramón, "Alphonse Buenhombre et son manuscrit conservé à l'Archivum Generale Ordinis Praedicatorum (AGOP)", Mémoire Dominicaine, 15 (2001), pp. 37-54.

Hernández Martín, Ramón, "El arabista medieval Alfonso Buenhombre", Anámnesis, 21 (2001), pp. 105-136.

Hernando, J., "De Seta Machometi o de Origine, Progressu et Fine Machometi et Quadruplici Reprobatione Prophetiae Eius", Acta Historica et Archaeologica Mediaevalia, 4 (1983), pp. 9-63.

Iogna-Prat, Dominique, Ordonner et exclure. Cluny et la société chrétienne face à l'hérésie, au judaïsme, (1000-1150) et à l'islam 1000-1150, Paris, Aubier, 1998.

Jerónimo de Santa Fe, Contra Iudaeorum perfidiam, in Maxima bibliotheca veterum patrum et antiquorum scriptorum ecclesiasticorum, Lyon, Anissonios, 1677, 27 vols., vol. 26, pp. 528-554.

Kaeppeli, T., Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum Medii Aevi, Rome, S. Sabinae, 1980, 4 vols.

Kedar, Benjamin, Crusade and Mission. European Approaches toward the Muslims, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1984.

Kedar, Benjamin, "De iudeis et sarracenis: On the Categorization of Muslims in Medieval Canon Law", in R.I. Castillo (ed.), Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler, Rome, LAS, 1992, pp. 207-213, reprinted in The Franks in the Levant, 11th to 14th Centuries, Aldershot, Variorum, 1993, XIII, pp. 207-213.

Krey, Philip, "Nicholas of Lyra and Paul of Burgos on Islam", in John Tolan (ed.), Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam, London, Routledge, 1996, pp. 153-174.

Kritzeck, James, Peter the Venerable and Islam, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1964.

Lara Olmo, J.C., "Edición crítica, traducción y comentario de la obra Sefer 'Aḥiṭub we-Ṣalmon", Ph.D. Diss., Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 1988.

Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava, "Jewish Knowledge of the Qur'ān" [Hebrew], Sefunot, 5 (1991), pp. 37-47, transl. in Intertwined Worlds. Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992, pp. 143-160.

Levy, Joshua, "Sefer Milhamot hashem, Chapter Eleven: The Earliest Jewish Critique of the New Testament", Ph.D. Diss., New York, New York University, 2004.

Limor, Ora, "The Epistle of Rabbi Samuel of Morocco: A Best-Seller in the World of Polemics", in Ora Limor and Guy Stroumsa (eds.), Contra Iudaeos: Ancient and Medieval Polemics Between Christians and Jews, Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 1996, pp. 177-194.

March, J., "Ramon Martí y la seva Explanatio simboli Apostolorum", Anuari de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2 (1908), pp. 443-496.

Markus, Robert, "The Jew as a Hermeneutic Device: The Inner Life of a Gregorian Topos", in John Cavadini (ed.), Gregory the Great: A Symposium, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, 1995, pp. 1-15.

Marsmann, Monika, Die Epistel des Rabbi Samuel an Rabbi Isaak. Untersuchung und Edition, Ph.D. Diss., Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1971.

Martínez Gázquez, José, "Las glosas en la primera traducción del Alcoran latinus", in Matthias Tischler and Alexander Fidora (eds.), Christlicher Norden – Muslimischer Süden. Ansprüche und Wirklichkeiten von Christen, Juden und Muslimen auf der Iberischen Halbinsel im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter, Münster, Aschendorff, 2011, pp. 141-151.

Meersseman, G., "La Chronologie des voyages et des oeuvres de Frère Alphonse Buenhombre", Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 10 (1940), pp. 77-108.

Merchavia, Ch., "The Hebrew Version of the 'Pugio Fidei' in the Sainte Geneviève Manuscript" [Hebrew], Kiryat Sefer, 51 (1976), pp. 283-288.

Mérigoux, Jean-Marie (ed.), "Contra legem Sarracenorum", Memorie Domenicane, 17 (1986), pp. 1-144.

Moore, R.I., The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250, Oxford, Blackwell, 2007, 2nd ed.

Muñoz Sendino, José, "Al-Kindi, Apología del cristianismo", Miscelánea Comillas, 11-12 (1949), pp. 339-460.

Nirenberg, David, Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1996.

Pablo de Santa María, Scrutinium Scripturarum, Burgos, Philippum Iuntam, 1591.

Pacios López, A. (ed.), La Disputa de Tortosa, Madrid, CSIC, 1957, 2 vols.

Pakter, Walter, Medieval Canon Law and the Jews, Ebelsbach, Gremier, 1988.

Paudice, Aleida, "On Three Extant Sources of the Qur'an Transcribed in Hebrew", European Journal of Jewish Studies, 2 (2009), pp. 213-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247109X454422

Pedro Pascual (Pseudo-), Sobre la se(c)ta mahometana, Fernando González Muñoz (ed.), Valencia, Universitat, 2011.

Petrus Alfonsi, Diálogo contra los Judíos, María Jesús Lacarra and Klaus-Peter Mieth (eds.), Huesca, Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, 1996.

Petrus Alfonsi, Dialogue Against the Jews, Irven Resnick (transl.), Washington D.C., Catholic University of America, 2006.

Petrus Venerabilis, Adversus Iudaeorum inveteratam duritiem, Yvonne Freidman (ed.), Turnhout, Brepols, 1985.

Petrus Venerabilis, Schriften zum Islam, Reinhold Glei (ed. and transl.), Altenberge, CIS Verlag, 1985.

Petrus Venerabilis, The Letters of Peter the Venerable, Giles Constable (ed.), Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1967, 2 vols.

Piemontese, Angelo Michele, "Il Corano latino di Ficino e i Corani arabi di Pico e Monchates", Rinascimento: Rivista del'Instituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento, 36 (1996), pp. 227-73.

Ragacs, Ursula, "Mit Zaum und Zügel muss Man ihr Ungestüm Bändigen" Ps 32,9. Ein Beitrag zur christlichen Hebraistik und antijüdischen Polemik im Mittelalter, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, 1997.

Ramon Martí, Capistrum Iudaeorum, Adolfo Robles Sierra (ed. and transl.), Würtzburg, Echter, Altenberge, Telos, 1990-1993, 2 vols.

Ramon Martí, Pugio fidei adversus Mauros et Iudaeos, Leipzig, Heirs of Friedrich Lankisch, at the press of the Johann Wittigav's Widow, 1687; facsimile reprint: Farnborough, Gregg, 1967.

Reinhardt, Klaus and Santiago-Otero, Horacio, Biblioteca Bíblica Ibérica Medieval, Madrid, CSIC, 1986.

Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, Pérégrination en Terre sainte et au Proche-Orient; Lettres sur la chute de Saint-Jean-d'Acre, René Kappler (ed. and transl.), Paris, Champion, 1997.

Robles, Laureano, "En torno a una vieja polémica: El 'Pugio fidei' y Tomás de Aquino", Revista Española de Teología, 34 (1974), pp. 321-350 and 35 (1975), pp. 21-41.

Robles, Laureano, Escritores dominicos de la Corona de Aragón. Siglos XIII-XV, Salamanca, Imprenta Calatrava, 1972.

Rodríguez Bachiller, Ángel, Influencia de la filosofía árabe en el Pugio de Raimundo Martí, Madrid, Casa Hispano-Árabe, 1969.

Schreckenberg, Heinz, Die christlichen Adversus-Judaeos-Texte und ihr literarisches und historisches Umfeld (13.-20. Jh.), Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, 1994.

Septimus, Bernard, "Petrus Alfonsi on the Cult at Mecca", Speculum, 56 (1981), pp. 517-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2847740

Steinschneider, Moritz, Catalogus Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, Berlin, Welt Verlag, 1931.

Steinschneider, Moritz, Polemische und apologetische Literatur in arabischer Sprache, zwischen Muslimen, Christen und Juden nebst Anhangen verwandten Inhalts, Leipzig, F.A. Brockhaus, 1877.

Szpiech, Ryan, "Citas árabes en caracteres hebreos en el Pugio fidei del dominico Ramón Martí: entre la autenticidad y la autoridad", Al-Qanṭara, 32, 1 (2011), pp. 71-107.

Szpiech, Ryan, Conversion and Narrative: Reading and Religious Authority in Medieval Polemic, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. PMid:23746547

Szpiech, Ryan, "Converting the Queen: Gender and Polemic in the Book of Aḥiṭub and Salmon", Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, 3, 2 (2011), pp. 203-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2011.610182

Szpiech, Ryan, "Libro de las tres creencias", in David Thomas and Alex Mallett (eds.), Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, IV: 1200-1350 C.E., Leiden, Brill, 2012, pp. 967-973.

Szpiech, Ryan, "Translation, Transcription, and Transliteration in the Polemics of Raymond Martini, O.P.", in Karen Fresco and Charles Wright (eds.), Translating the Middle Ages, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2012, pp. 171-187.

Tolan, John, "Peter of Cluny on the 'Diabolical Heresy of the Saracens'", in Sons of Ishmael. Muslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages, Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2008, pp. 46-65.

Tolan, John, Petrus Alfonsi and His Medieval Readers, Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 1993.

Tolan, John, "Saracen Philosophers Secretly Deride Islam", Medieval Encounters, 8 (2002), pp. 184-208, reprint in Sons of Ishmael. Muslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages, Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2008, pp. 113-132.

Tolan, John, Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination, New York, Columbia University Press, 2002. PMCid:PMC2373652

Travelletti, Damien, "Front commun. Raymond Martin, al-Ġazālī et les philosophes", Ph.D. Diss., Fribourg, Switzerland, U. Fribourg, 2011.

Wiersma, Syds, "Aquinas' Theory on Dialogue Put into Practice: Trinity in Raymond Martin", in H. Schoot (ed.), Jaarboek 2005, Utrecht, Thomas Instituut te Utrecht, 2006, pp. 9-41. PMid:17180436

Zacour, Norman, Jews and Saracens in the Consilia of Oldradus de Ponte, Toronto, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990.

Zorgati, Ragnhild, Pluralism in the Middle Ages. Hybrid Identities, Conversion, and Mixed Marriages in Medieval Iberia, New York, Routledge, 2012.

Descargas

Publicado

2013-06-30

Cómo citar

Szpiech, R. (2013). Musulmanes retóricos: el Islam como testigo en la polémica cristiana anti-judía en occidente. Al-Qanṭara, 34(1), 153–185. https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2013.006

Número

Sección

Artículos